Addison's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. These glands produce cortisol, a hormone that helps our bodies manage stress. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produce enough cortisol.
The symptoms of Addison's disease can vary and are often nonspecific, which can make it challenging to diagnose. It may take several years to receive a proper diagnosis. Some common symptoms include:
1. Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness: People with Addison's disease often experience ongoing tiredness and weakness in their muscles.
2. Loss of appetite, inability to digest food, and weight loss: Addison's disease can cause a decrease in appetite, difficulty digesting food, and unintentional weight loss.
3. Low blood pressure (hypotension): Individuals with Addison's disease may have low blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness and, in severe cases, fainting. Blood pressure may drop further when standing up.
4. Blotchy, dark tanning and freckling of the skin: A distinct sign of Addison's disease is the darkening of the skin, which may appear blotchy or freckled. This change in skin color is most noticeable in areas exposed to the sun but can also occur in unexposed areas like the gums. Darkened skin is commonly seen on the forehead, knees, elbows, as well as along scars, skin folds, and creases.
If you suspect you may have Addison's disease or are experiencing these symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
To diagnose Addison's disease, healthcare professionals use various blood tests.
These tests can reveal specific indicators that point towards the condition. Common findings include low sodium or high potassium levels, anemia (low iron), or an elevated count of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell).
Often, Addison's disease is initially detected during routine blood tests conducted in a hospital or doctor's office.
Additionally, doctors will examine the skin and gums for hyperpigmentation, which is a darkening of the skin or gums that can occur as a result of long-term Addison's disease.
Diagnosis
The most reliable method to diagnose Addison's disease is by measuring hormone levels in the blood before and after administering a hormone called ACTH ( Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
ACTH is normally produced in the brain and stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands.
In individuals with Addison's disease, the adrenal glands fail to respond to ACTH stimulation, resulting in persistently low cortisol levels. By measuring cortisol and ACTH levels, healthcare professionals can determine the presence of adrenal insufficiency and identify whether the issue lies with the adrenal glands or the brain.
The treatment for Addison's disease is highly effective, and individuals can typically lead a full and normal life with proper management. It is crucial for those with Addison's disease to carry a medical alert bracelet and an emergency ID card at all times. Additionally, it is advised to keep a small supply of medication at work or school to ensure prompt access. Missing even a single dose of medication can be risky and potentially dangerous.
In cases where an Addisonian crisis is suspected, healthcare professionals may administer doctor-prescribed injections of salt, fluids, and glucocorticoid hormones without waiting for a confirmed diagnosis of Addison's disease. This prompt intervention is aimed at stabilizing the individual's condition and providing immediate relief.
To know more please visit https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-addisons-disease-symptoms#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20Addison's%20disease%20include,to%20the%20point%20of%20fainting.
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